Roadway.



Patented June 4, |90I. S.-WHIN`ERY.

ROADWAY.

[Application filed Dec. 13, 1900.)

(llo Nudel.)

UNirnn STATESm PATENTpOFFIsEl SAMUEL VHINERY, OE EAST ORANGE, NEWJERSEY.

ROADWAY.

SEECFGATON forming* part Of Letters Patent No. 675,694, dated June 4,1901.

Application filed December 13, 1900. Serial Noc 39,776. (No specirnonsyTo all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL WHINERY, a resident of East Orange, in theState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Roadways, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in roadways, and relatesparticularly to improvements in the wearingsurfaces of roadways that arepartly formed of crushed or broken stone. Such a roadway contains alarge percentage of voids; and my invention consists in filling thesevoids in such a way as to form a hard and smooth surface, which willoffer slight resistance to the movements of horses and vehicles oversame and that can withstand the wear and abrasion of travel, theinvention also consisting in the formation of a comparativelywater-tight covering that will protect the foundation of the roadwayfrom the softening and the disintegration caused by water which `wouldotherwise reach it from the surface.

The accompanying drawing represents a vertical section of a roadway, inthe construction of which the process hereinafter set forth is carriedout.

The foundation A may be of any suitable kind that will provide anunyielding support for the wearing-surface. Said foundation may beconstructed of broken stone, but preferably is constructed ofhydrauliccement concrete. The foundation varies in thickness accordingto the amount of travel to which the roadway will be subjected and isnished so that its top will be parallel to the surface of the finishedroadway and a distance below same equal to the thickness of thewearing-surface to be used.

The wearing-surface B consists of a layer of broken or crushed stone bor like hard material having the voids or interstices between theadjacent fragments filled with a bituminous composition O, preferablyprepared in accordance with the methods hereinafter described. Thestones may be of any suitable size and should be of a very hard andenduring nature-such as trap-rock, granite, die. The composition usedfor filling the voids between the adjacent fragments of rock consists ofa mixture of bitumen, sand, and pulverized limestone or hydrauliccement. The

consistency of this composition is determined according to the amountand the character of the travel upon the roadway and also by the climateof lthe locality where the road way is constructed. Preferably thecomposition consists of one part of bitumen to four parts of sand orfinely-crushed stone and one part of pulverized limestone or itsequivalent; but these proportions may be changed as necessary or desiredto meet varying conditions. The bitumen may be natural or artiticialasphalt, coal-tar, or other pitch, or a mixture of any or all of these.In preparing the composition the bitumen is melted and the otheringredients are then mixed therewith by hand or by special machinery.

The surface of the roadway is preferably applied to the foundation bythe following method: The broken stone is heated, either before or afterit is laid, to aternperature of 100 or 300o Fahrenheit and is placed onthe foundation portion of the roadway, so that the fragments will becontiguous to each other. While the stone is still hot, the bituminouscomposition, also in a heated condition, is spread over the surface andallowed to settle into and fill the interstices or voids between theadjacent fragments of stone. The roadway is thoroughly rolled or rammedwhile the bituminous composition is still soft and pliable in order thatthe roller may assist in forcing the composition into the interstices ofthe stone, and the rolling or ramming is continued until the compositionis cold, or nearly so. A layer of sand or pulverized stone may beapplied to the surface before or after the rolling or ramming hascommenced to prevent the composition from adhering to the rammers orrollers.

It is obvious that various changes may be made in the above methodaccording to the conditions under which the roadway-is laid.

By constructing a roadway as above described the stones forming part ofthe wear ing-surface rest directly upon the foundation. Since the stonesare heated when they are placed in position, the composition freelypermeates all the interstices between same and firmly binds the stonestogether, thereby preventing them from becoming displaced and at thesame time forming a covering for the foundation impervious to water. Theuse of IOO Velysmll Stones., Such as are required in a Macadam roadway,vis unnecessary, and as only enough of the bituminous composition isrequired to fill the interstices between the stones the cost of thisconstruction is not much more than that of an ordinary Macadam roadway,and the advantages of an asphalt road- Way are practically secured.

I claim as my invention- The herein-described method of laying aroadway, which consists in preparing a suitable foundation, placingheated pieees of stone on said foundation, so that said pieces will becontiguous to each other, and then lling the interstiees or voidsbetween same 15 with a bituminous composition, so that the tops of thestones Will form a portion of the Wearing-surface of th e roadway,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I sign this applica- 2o tion in the presence of tWowitnesses this 6th day of December, 1900.

SAMUEL WHINERY.

Witnesses: 4

A. N. JESBERA, J. M. SCOBLE.

